Cerium Oxide is the most used polishing medium in glass finishing today.
Cerium oxide, belonging to the group of elements known as the rare earths. When the polishing powder is applied to glass, it reacts with the surface to produce a complex cerium-oxygen-silicon compound softer than glass. This softer surface layer can then be more easily applied to produce the final polished surface. As polishing is the final step in the surfacing process, it should not be expected to remove errors made during previous steps when the shape is formed and smoothed. It is therefore necessary that both previous steps, grinding and smoothing are done correctly.
Specific References
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